1. Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, which can range from mild to severe, impacting cognitive abilities and learning.
2. Individuals with Down syndrome often have distinct facial features, including a flat face, small ears, and a protruding tongue.
3. Children with Down syndrome may experience delayed speech and language development, requiring speech therapy and support.
4. Many individuals with Down syndrome experience hearing loss, which can range from mild to profound, and may require hearing aids or cochlear implants.
5. Down syndrome can increase the risk of vision problems, including cataracts, crossed eyes, and nearsightedness, requiring regular eye exams.
6. Approximately half of children born with Down syndrome have heart defects, which can range from mild to life-threatening, requiring surgical intervention.
7. Individuals with Down syndrome may experience gastrointestinal issues, including constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux, requiring dietary modifications.
8. Down syndrome can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections, such as pneumonia and respiratory illnesses.
9. Individuals with Down syndrome are at higher risk of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
10. People with Down syndrome are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, with symptoms often appearing in the 40s and 50s.