- Causes: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted through the bite of an infected tick.¹
- Symptoms: Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain, which can progress to life-threatening complications if left untreated.²
- Transmission: RMSF is primarily spread through the bite of infected ticks, particularly the American dog tick and the Rocky Mountain wood tick.
- Risk Factors: People who spend time outdoors in wooded or grassy areas, especially during peak tick season, are at higher risk of contracting RMSF.
- Prevention: Preventing tick bites is key to avoiding RMSF; use insect repellents, wear protective clothing, and conduct regular tick checks.
- Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including blood and skin tests.
- Treatment: Doxycycline is the primary treatment for RMSF, and prompt antibiotic treatment can significantly reduce mortality and complications.
- Complications: Untreated RMSF can lead to serious complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, and even death.
- Geographical Distribution: RMSF is found in the Western Hemisphere, with cases reported in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central and South America.
- Mortality Rate: The mortality rate for RMSF is approximately 5-10% with treatment, but can be as high as 20-30% without prompt antibiotic treatment.