Intellectual Disability: Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, which can range from mild to severe.
Physical Characteristics: Common physical features include a flat face, small ears, short neck, and protruding tongue.
- Delayed Speech: Children with Down syndrome may experience delayed speech and language development.
- Hearing Loss: Many individuals with Down syndrome experience hearing loss, which can range from mild to profound.
- Vision Problems: Down syndrome can increase the risk of vision problems, including cataracts, crossed eyes, and nearsightedness.
- Heart Defects: Approximately half of children born with Down syndrome have heart defects, which can range from mild to life-threatening.
Gastrointestinal Issues: Down syndrome can increase the risk of gastrointestinal issues, including constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux.
- Immune System Dysfunction: Individuals with Down syndrome may experience immune system dysfunction, making them more susceptible to infections.
- Mental Health Concerns: Down syndrome can increase the risk of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Increased Risk of Alzheimer's: Individuals with Down syndrome are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, with symptoms often appearing in the 40s and 50s